Altering DNA (CRISPR)

The primary and most widely used method for altering DNA is CRISPR gene editing, a precise technology that functions like a molecular "find and replace" tool for the genetic code. [1, 2]

 

How CRISPR Works

 

• Guide RNA: Scientists program a short piece of RNA with the exact "address" or sequence of the target DNA they want to change.
• Cas9 Enzyme: This protein acts as molecular scissors to attach to the target site and cut through the DNA strands.
• Cellular Repair: The cell detects the broken DNA and triggers its natural repair process to fix the gap. [1, 2, 3, 4]

 

Types of DNA Repair and Modification

 

• Disruption (NHEJ): The cell mends the cut without a template, often introducing a small deletion that turns a faulty gene off.
• Insertion or Correction (HDR): Scientists supply a new DNA template alongside the scissors, allowing the cell to copy and paste a healthy sequence into the genome.
• Base Editing: A newer variation chemically changes one single DNA letter to another without cutting the double-stranded helix. [1, 2, 3, 4]

 

Other Methods

 

• Older Nucleases: Tools like Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs) and TALENs were used before CRISPR to make targeted cuts, though they are harder to design and more expensive.
• Viral Vectors: Viruses are often modified and used as delivery trucks to carry healthy genes into human cells during gene therapy. [1, 2]

 

Source and references:

AI Google

Genome editing - Wikipedia

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XPDb8tqgfjY&t=1

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2pp17E4E-O8&t=10

 

On property taxes

Many have reasons for voting to abolish property taxes. One can be certain that even if one doesn't own property, a landlord will raise rent in order to pay the tax. So, it affects everyone, regardless.

Some also believe that one should not have to pay taxes if their mortgage has been paid off. If one really thinks about it, it seems like extortion, but if one allows something to happen, it will continue to occur. 

One can always believe that taxes are important for infrastructure and for many social benefits. However, quite often that money is used fraudulently and misused in wasteful ways with no benefit to citizens, but only for the bad administrators to gain wealth. Drain the widespread swamp!

Why a narcissistic person plays the victim

Narcissistic people play the victim to escape blame, control situations, and gain sympathy when their behavior is challenged. [1, 2]

Why Narcissists Play the Victim

Avoiding Accountability: Shifting into the victim role lets them deflect responsibility and dodge the consequences of their mistakes. [1]

Eliciting Sympathy: Portraying themselves as wounded or unfairly treated manipulates others into offering emotional support and defense. [1, 2]

Maintaining Control: Playing the aggrieved party reverses the power dynamic, making the actual victim feel guilty or responsible. [1, 2]

Protecting the Ego: Because they cannot handle shame or criticism, turning themselves into the injured party preserves their fragile self-image. [1, 2]

How the Behavior Appears

Blame-Shifting: They accuse others of doing the exact things they are guilty of doing.

Exaggerating Past Hardships: They use historical grievances to excuse current wrongdoing.

Flipping the Narrative: When confronted with facts, they claim they are the ones being attacked or abused. [1, 2, 3]

Reference and source:

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/peaceful-parenting/202102/narcissism-and-the-hero-and-victim-complex